Letters to Bloomington

Chapter 1

Updated 11/2/01


Dear James Keeran,

These letters are the payments for a 20-year-old debt.

Allow me to refresh your memory:

One afternoon twenty years ago, in July-75, you went to Peoria airport to greet a refugee family. The Daily Pantagraph(It's now known just as The Pantagraph) assigned you to write a set of articles about the Vietnamese refugee families that would soon be descending upon the twin city of Normal-Bloomington, and the first was about to arrive.

Leading it was an unimposing 80 pound man with dark skin. His big family consisted of 15 people who carried along 20 boxes containing all they had left in the world. Each box was full of winter clothing provided by the Fort Chaffee camp (Terrified by rumors of the mid-east America winter, they modeled their dress after North Pole explorers.).

Knowing that I (the small leader of this family) was a journalist and writer, you suggested I keep a diary about my first days in McLean county. We had a brief meeting at The Daily Pantagraph's cafeteria, and with the help of two Vietnamese students, Hung and Le, acting as interpreters, you and your boss told me what you had in mind. You asked me to take 20 minutes each evening to jot down what happened during the day. Such diaries would give The Pantagraph's readers some insight about the drastic changes that a refugee family is facing on the way to a new life in America.

It turns out though, I produced no diary. On The Daily Pantagraph published Sunday 10-26-75, page A-5, the readers found an unusual article with your following introduction:

"This is the beginning of a series of rather unusual articles for a traditional newspaper.

The original concept was quite simple: We asked a Vietnamese journalist, Le Tat Dieu, to keep a diary of his first days in McLean County.

We were thinking in terms of 20 minutes of jottings each evening and subsequent publication of a set of short articles on the life of a family attempting to make its way in a new world.

We did not, however, end up with that. We had failed to grasp the enormity of change the family had experienced, the depths to which its foundation had been shaken.

Le Tat Dieu, it turned out, could not address himself to day-to-day affairs with any pretense of interest. Reality was in the past-in a rocket attack that killed his sister, in memories of streets and places. The present, he said, was more a dream than fact. So he wrote of the rocket attack. And he wrote of not wanting to write anymore, and he turned the task over to his wife, who also had written for newspapers in Saigon.

But she, too, found that the present only reminded her of the past, so her writing efforts also failed to meet even the broadest definition of "diary".

The two of them, however, in failing to write a diary, created a set of articles that strike us as unusually honest and moving-a most untraditional set of stories to offer our readers."

The 492nd Day of the Cease Fire

by Le Tat Dieu

Early dawn. The boy next door rushed in with the bad news:

"Rockets hit Gam's house. Her two children were killed on the spot. She herself was seriously wounded....."

The boy kindly managed to hide part of the truth. Another death could be too much. But then, amidst cries of shock, he tried not to deceive:

"Gam is very serious. Perhaps she will not survive."

As we hurried to the bus, I asked, "Was she conscious when brought to the hospital?"

"No.. fear that..." The boy hesitated. He wanted to tell about the third death, but felt too sad.

Crying, I prayed for her survival.

Arriving at Bien Hoa, the family divided into two groups. My father, my mother and my sister, Voc, hurried to the house on Vac bridge to see the bodies of the two children while I was guided to the Bien Hoa hospital by the boy.

The hospital was crowded. There were many, many wounded and the waiting room was jammed with relatives. All the rooms in the emergency ward were closed. No one was allowed to go in.

But for me, no restrictions, no regulations, were important. I banged on the door and dashed in. There were some words of protest, but said with understanding.

I went from room to room, making sure to see all the faces. How happy I would be to see her on one of the beds.

But she would ask about her two children. I would say-forcing a smile, an innocent smile-that there had been a miracle. That the almighty God, with his special compassion for children, took up her little ones and placed them tenderly on the lawn in front of the house, on the pond of spinach (rau muong is a vegetable much like spinach, but grows in water in Vietnam), on the ripened rice field, any place that would make her believe her children were not harmed.

But if she asked to see them?

I was planning another lie as I ran from one room to another. I prayed for her survival. To be alive, in any physical condition, would be much better than death.

An old man wearing a hat of the 1954 fashion patiently took me to the second floor. He waited for me at the door. Not there.

Fearing the worst, I reluctantly hurried to the mortuary. The door was open. The compartments containing the bodies could be seen.

The guard pulled out the one on the top, explaining as a tourist guide:

"This one has no head. It is not easy to identify. It has no head nor legs."

The section was pulled out only half-way. The lower part of the body was not seen. But, indeed, it had no head.

The guard helped me pull out a second body. "This one is not easy to identify either," he said.

The third body was a mass of flesh while the fourth body was only legs and arms.

The boy, who had followed me from room to room and to the morgue, tried to calm me by saying, "She lost no parts of her body."

A girl, about 14 or 15, burst into tears as another body was pulled out.

"That's my brother! That's my young brother!"

I hadn't realized children also came to look for their beloved ones.

The boy had been honest. The body of my sister was not dismembered. I closed her eyes. A fragment of the rocket had struck her heart, causing a small but fatal wound.

Another fragment hit her right eyebrow. The nightgown she was wearing was covered with dust and blood.

She had been sleeping with her two children on a bed in her cozy house. The three, fearful of the dark, had left the light on. Then I found her here, in this cold, dark place, among the fragmented bodies.

At that moment I observed her carefully. She still remained a small thin girl, pitiful as ever.

* * * * *

The house could be seen from Vac bridge, though partly obscured by a row of bushes. The quiet road leading to the house passed a small, pretty green garden. My sister had often boasted of her house, which was a combination of classic and modern.

The bodies of my nephew and niece had been washed. They were put on white sheets. They looked neat in their short hair.

Small wounds scattered over their bodies had been washed clean. A couple of larger wounds on one leg of Ty, the boy, were dry but still looked painful, even in death.

Linh, the girl, was 5 years old and had started her schooling on Saturday morning. She was in kindergarten just one day.

Witnesses said the two children were killed on the spot. Their eyes were closed in sleep when the rocket hit them. They died in their sleep. They looked beautiful in death...their beautiful faces, their beautiful hands...

The people stood still, looking at the children. But all did not have the courage to watch.

The grandfather was crying on the lawn in front of the house, facing the rice field. The grandmother was weeping against the ruins.

The body of the neighbor woman who had lost her head was laid before a crucifix.

Was it possible that her head was blown into dust without a trace? Or perhaps it was somewhere. The neighbors had been looking for it-at the pond of spinach, on the rice field and in the rabbit pen. They even searched the roof, the water trough.

They wanted to help the dead, whom they believed must recover lost members of the body.

"Where is T?" I asked.

"He has gone to the hospital to take Gam home," I was told. T was my brother-in-law, the only survivor of this family. (T is not the full name of the brother-in-law. The author chose to use only an initial to protect his identity for fear of reprisals. T still lives in Vietnam.)

He should at this moment be walking into the cold mortuary. Would he be guided to the right compartment or, as I had experienced, go from one compartment to another?

All the neighborhood was concentrating on assisting the bereaved families. A room about a half meter away was turned into a temporary office of the local Christian congregation and the village council.

The tragedy was described over a loudspeaker and an appeal for donations was repeated several times. Tape recordings of the mourning music also were played.

In addition, flags of mourning were put around the small pond of spinach in front of the house and a parachute was stretched out for shade.

The pastor made a brief appeal for help to the people present at the ruined place. His voice was low and melancholic, but contained no complaint, no hatred.

The winding cloth needed for the services arrived. The old man seemed uncertain:

"Shall I start now or wait for the children's mother?"

He looked questioningly at the crowd.

"Please, go ahead. Their mother has died."

The other grandparents and uncles and aunts of the children arrived. The youngest aunt, who had cared for the children for many days, was crying and trembling.

The children were covered with the winding cloth. Within seconds they were two rolls of white cloth, two merciful white rolls. Last night they were playing until their mother put them to bed. Last night they were sleeping soundly beside their mother.

My brother-in-law came staggering along the small road, carrying a stretcher with the help of a friend. My sister, now wearing the same white uniform as her two children, was on the stretcher.

Gam and her two little ones were put side by side.

The voice of my aunt, telling about the kindness of a neighbor, was heard over the sound of the sad music.

"God bless her. She has boiled her fifth pot of tea. Her eyes are full of tears. She sincerely loved the children and their mother."

The helpful neighbor with tearful eyes was leaning over the fence. The teapot was in her hand.

Two Catholic nuns appeared from a small path on the side of the spinach pond. They weren't cheerful and smiling as they used to be.

The Buddhist monk invited to conduct the services came two minutes later. A woman in the crowd called loudly:

"Relatives of Gam, come here so that the services can begin."

Another woman murmured in my ear:

"Your sister apparently was pregnant. After her burial you should scatter over her tomb a handful of sesame seeds or grow a banana tree on it. The baby in her stomach can't be conceived again until the sesame grows to be a plant. Don't forget."

Everybody was urged to say a prayer.

* * * * *

It was almost noon. I thought the day must be very long, the longest day. The weather was very hot and depressing. The crowd under the parachute umbrella was still very large.

If one turned his back against the destroyed house, covered his ears against the sad words from the loudspeaker, there were no signs of the tragedy.

The two children had had a beautiful lawn to play in and a small pen for rabbits. There was another small plot of land near a cluster of banana trees where they could throw fruit seeds with the hope of having some trees.

There were breezes blowing through the rice fields. The sky was blue and clear, with kites and birds flying peacefully.

The echo of the distant cars and trucks sounded like a strong wind. Beyond the ripened rice field, beyond the green lawn, beyond the beautiful squares of rice was a horizon created by the houses facing the main road. Perhaps on the other side of those houses were sewers and heaps of garbage and dark ponds. But from a distance, they formed a zigzag horizon pleasant to view. It was a warm drawing of life, of human beings in a tranquil nature.

Twenty-four hours earlier-24 hours before the coffins were lifted up to be carried away-the two children had run out of the front door and smilingly seen their father off to his job.

Their father had cautioned Gam:

"Remember to put the children to bed early tonight. Otherwise Linh will sleep too late for school."

As he had walked away, he had waved at the children. They had smiled and blinked their eyes in the sun.

And then T had walked on down the road to his office, unaware that he was leaving his wife and children forever.

Now, on the same road, T couldn't keep his balance as he walked after the three coffins. (The Daily Pantagraph 10/26/75)

. . . . . . . . . . .

Dear James Keeran,

By now, I am sure you have recalled much of those unusual days. Let us talk about the debt.

In the last twenty years, every time I came back to visit Bloomington and thought about the kindness and generosity of the Daily Pantagraph's staff, I couldn't help feeling regret over not answering some of your questions or fulfilling the simple requests you made when I first arrived.

You asked me to write about my life as it presently was, but I continued writing about the past. Your readers wanted to know about the new life of a refugee family in this promising land, and I could only offer them the horrible tragedies of war that destroyed my sister's family.

Twenty years have gone by, and now a new generation of readers open the Pantagraph with new perspectives and new interests. Your questions and my answers pertaining to the Vietnamese refugee's life in America had faded into the past.

I do not contend that these letters contain the answers that should have been given twenty years ago. My only intention is to present the true feelings and philosophies that have accumulated from my life in America.

In November 1975, an insurance company in Bloomington offered me a job as a computer operator. This was at a time when computers were far from the ubiquitous presence they are now, but right before the moment when the industry would blossom. My boss and my co-workers provided the training and encouraged me to go to college to improve my skills. Had I listened to them and stuck with the company, today I might be sharing the wealth with Mr. Bill Gates.

But in July 1976 , I moved to San Diego to work for a Vietnamese magazine which was the first published in US. As a journalist and a writer who just lost his beloved country, I felt this job was in some way compensation for my troubles. It also gave me a chance to do something useful for my country and my people. But my publishing business, though widely read by the Vietnamese community, made little money, and I had to quit and find a job which would provide for my family.

After several odd jobs paying minimum wage, I was hired as a sheet metal fitter for a shipbuilding company. There I met Bruce, the co-worker who got me thinking and talking a lot about God.